The blogger has gotten through life without a car and it’s an adventure to travel to Sausalito.
The first town in Marin County north of San Francisco across the Golden Gate Bridge. Sausalito, California – Wikipedia the wealthy enclave where the blogger spent his high school and college years.
Today’s journey is a public transit adventure. Taking in total seven rides on public transit and walking the streets of San Francisco and Sausalito. All this to meet our daughter Atlanta. For lunch at the Bayside Cafe at the northern edge of Sausalito.
Atlanta, born in San Francisco and now a woman who can be called a true Marin County resident. Having lived in Mill Valley over 20 years.
The public transit trip on San Francisco Muni and the Golden Gate Transit went smoothly. Except for one self inflicted glitch. Coming home the blogger boarded a San Francisco Muni bus and did not look at the destination signage. Then having to wait 15 minutes at a distant bus stop in the late afternoon as the motorists sped by.
Following is a photo montage of the dayto and from Sausalito.
A passenger in colorful stockings waits for the SF Muni 28 bus at Park Presidio and Geary Blvd.
Waiting for the 28 line
Approaching the Golden Gate Bridge
The busy visitors center at The Golden Gate Bridge
Round House Cafe
A pair of cyclists check their travel Appat the Golden Gate Bridge
The iconic world famous Golden Gate Bridge. To the north is the Marin Headlands
On the Golden Gate Bridge aboard the Golden Gate Transit 120 line
Passing by the still thriving The Golden Gate Market. A place the blogger frequented in his youth
The scorching documentary NAZA is being hailed by audiences and critics while the Israeli government is beside itself.At the Venice, Italy film festival the audience gave it a record length 25 minute ovation.
‘NAZA’ Review: Israeli Military Accused Of Depraved Indifference To Palestinian Life, Using AI To Kill In Gaza – Venice Film Festival
The devastating documentary NAZA, an investigation into Israel’s mass killing of civilians in Gaza, was shot at night on rooftops in Tel Aviv, in part to avoid potential Israeli eavesdropping, presumably, and to facilitate shielding the identities of participants.
Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) map out targeting decisions for the destruction of Gaza
Those participants are 24 Israeli military intelligence officers and soldiers who reveal, in almost matter-of-fact tones, chilling details of a program that has caused catastrophic destruction of residential areas in Gaza, and massive loss of life among Palestinian civilians, including women and children. The sources – “whistleblowers” seems an appropriate term – come forward on condition of anonymity; they are filmed in silhouette, and their voices, as noted at the beginning of the film, have been digitally altered to conceal their identities.
“NAZA” features interviews with Israeli military sources who describe using AI-powered systems to bomb Gaza, which killed thousands of civilians.
The documentary won the Special Jury Prize at the Venice Film Festival.
“NAZA,” a documentary by the Israeli filmmakers Yuval Abraham and Rachel Szor, has drawn international attention after winning the Special Jury Prize at the Venice Film Festival and receiving a record-breaking standing ovation.
The film features anonymous testimonies from Israeli soldiers and intelligence officers who detail the systematic killings of Palestinian civilians in Gaza.
The filmmakers say the documentary is based on firsthand accounts and extensive investigative reporting. However, Israel‘s military rejects the accounts and disputes the film’s portrayal of its operations.
The documentary has also sparked a political backlash in Israel, highlighting deep divisions over the war and accountability.
NAZA is going to be a featured item at the 61st New York Film Festival
Shot at night on the rooftops of Tel Aviv, NAZA reveals the systems behind Israel’s bombing of Gaza and its mass killing of Palestinian civilians. The film is directed by Yuval Abraham and Rachel Szor, two of the four co-directors of the 2024 Oscar-winning documentary No Other Land (NYFF62), and produced by the Guardian and James Wilson (JW Films) and executive produced by Jonathan Glazer. Wilson and Glazer are the Oscar-winning team behind The Zone of Interest (NYFF61). NAZA is titled for a military acronym euphemistically used by Israeli intelligence to indicate the number of civilians that it expects will be killed in an airstrike. The film builds on revelations first published by the Israeli-Palestinian publication +972 Magazine, Hebrew-language outlet Local Call, and the Guardian between 2023 and 2025.https://www.filmlinc.org/nyff2026/films/naza
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu delivers a statement to members of the press, in Jerusalem, September 8, 2026 in which he condemned the film NAZA. REUTERS/— Ammar Awad
The New York Times published an article with its list of the best films on Amazon Prime.
Scrolling through the mostly anodyne selections the blogger search ground to a halt. On the list is the highly regarded “Riotsville USA”. A documentary about what can be categorized as the origins of the modern Police State America. On a Sunday afternoon I watched this riveting, educational and disturbing piece of documentary film making.
When I see the ongoing militarization of American law enforcement I will never again wonder about the origins of the American police state after watching this film.
The following review claims the Riotsville USA story is “in some sense, laughable”. It is not in the least funny.
The mid-1960s saw a conspicuous rise in civil unrest in the United States. The war in Vietnam, substandard living conditions for people of color, and a larger shift in consciousness all contributed to people wielding violence as a tool of protest. The new documentary “Riotsville, USA.,” shows the federal government’s response to this tactic as both sinister and, in some sense, laughable.
The Riotsville of the title is the name of a fake town built as a training ground for law enforcement, in which riot story lines were enacted by soldiers. More than one of these towns were built by the U.S. government, with the events filmed for official review. The documentary’s director, Sierra Pettengill, uses a variety of archival footage here. There are government films of Riotsville exercises, clips from talk shows, and a mini-narrative of a public television station whose progressive politics led to its defunding by the Ford Foundation. And searing footage from riots near the 1968 Republican National Convention in Miami, which received scant media coverage at the time.
A staged demonstration in Riotsville USA
A blog for Riotsville USA needs some musical accompaniment. This piece, a cover of the Led Zeppelin “Immigrant Song” done by Karen O, Trent Reznor and Atticus Finch fits the bill. It was in the trailer for the American film version of ‘The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo’
It’s fair to say that Americans are ignorant about the geopolitics of the Middle East.
The blogger is belatedly following the Houthis though my attention was there when Trump launched his air campaign in 2025. Now the problem is more serious and the MSM is paying attention.
It should be evident that the average American news consumer is out to lunch when it comes to matters outside the USA. Trump’s war of choice against Iran only got attention because of prices at the pump. Perhaps now the Houthis taking over Bab-al Mandeb through which 11 percent of global oil passes will be another Strait of Hormuz in the American body politic.
Trump’s war of choice against Iran nearing the seven month mark has woken up the geopolitically clueless American public. If only because prices at the pump have skyrocketedsince February 28th 2026.
In the past couple of days another Middle East hot spot has bubbled to the surface which is further inflaming the cauldron and willescalate energy pricesas the following Al Jazeera report illustrates.
The group known as the Houthis, well known in the Middle East, have captured the country of Yemen’s Red Sea coastline. Giving them effective control of 11 percent of the World’s global oil trade. This comes on top of the Iranian control of the Strait of Hormuz with control of 27 percent of the global oil trade. A combined 38 percent total. A lot of barrels of oil.
The Houthis and the Iranians have a deep ideological bond, one that their soldiers willingly die for. And the Houthis do not need to win every battle. As long as they can sink an occasional oil tanker, they will hold a whip hand over their Saudi neighbors, and over the rest of the world too.The Atlantic – Robert Worth9.11.2026
Excerpted from Al Jazeera 9.11.2026
Houthi forces Houthi-controlled Yemen – Wikipedia have captured the whole of Yemen’s Red Sea coastline, reaching all the way to the critically important Bab al-Mandeb shipping gateway, as the group’s rapid offensive continued on Friday.
On Thursday, the Houthis seized the port city of Mocha, Mokha – Wikipedia dealing a heavy blow to the Yemeni government backed by neighbouring Saudi Arabia.
Mokha (Arabic: المَخا, romanized: al-Maḵā), also spelled Mocha or Mukha,[1] is a port city on the Red Sea coast of Yemen. Until Aden and al Hudaydah eclipsed it in the 19th century, Mokha was the principal port for Yemen’s capital, Sanaa. Long known for its coffee trade, the city gave its name to Mocha coffee.[2]
Analysts are calling the Iran-backed Houthi group’s victories the most significant regional development since the US and Israel declared war on Iran in February.
The offensives could be particularly damaging for Saudi Arabia and its oil exports. The Houthis, who declared a blockade of Saudi-flagged ships in the Red Sea earlier in the year, now have a much firmer control of the Bab al-Mandeb waterway, which Riyadh increasingly relies on for oil exports following blockades of the the Strait of Hormuz at the entrance to the Gulf, experts say.
But can the Houthis control the Red Sea?
Here’s what we know:
In July, amidst the US-Israel war on Iran, the Houthis announced a complete maritime blockade on Saudi Arabia and began launching attacks on Saudi-linked ships passing through the important Bab al-Mandeb Strait.
The narrow strait is one of the world’s most important shipping lanes connecting the Suez Canal and Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden. Roughly 12 percent of global trade passes through daily.
Even more vessels have used it since Iran’s closure of the Strait of Hormuz, through which about 20 percent of the world’s energy supplies used to transit annually before the war began in February.
Shiite Houthi rebels chant slogans after taking over a government military compound in Yemen’s capital, Sanaa, in September. The group forced the country’s president to resign on Thursday, plunging Yemen into uncertainty.
South Tower of The World Trade Center collapsed at 9:59AM on 9.11.2001. The North Tower collapsed 29 minutes later.
San Francisco Chronicle – 9.12.2001
SAN FRANCISCO
Lee Heidhues 9.10.2026
On September 11th 2001 the blogger heard the news on NPR Morning Edition. Not realizing the severity and impact he set off for work downtown. Midway there he received a call from Liz telling him the office had called and told him not to come to work that day. And as it turned out for several days thereafter.
25 years laterthe media is busy commemorating the 25th anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks.
Deutsche Welle is reporting the now well known fact that several of the 9/11 hijackers lived in Hamburg prior to the assault on America.
Predictably this historic event has been compared to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor December 7th 1941.
Predictably,it was also inevitable that the film industry would offer its interpretation of 9/11. Two films illustrated the cinematic effort. “Zero Dark Thirty” recounted the years long effort to locate and kill Osama Bin Laden. “A Most Wanted Man”, a John Le Carre novel put to film, is the story of post 9/11 Germany’s anti-terrorist campaign. Scenes from these films are posted below.
New York City firefighters. 363 died that day. – 9.11.2001
Excerpted from Deutsche Welle 9.9.2026
The 9/11 plot, including the twin tower attacks, was partly planned by the so-called Hamburg cell. A look at how Germany’s national security was reshaped.
German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder addressed parliament the following day.
“Yesterday, September 11, 2001, will go down in history as a dark day for all of us,” the Social Democrat said.
He said he had expressed to the American president the deeply felt condolences of the entire German people.
“I also assured him of Germany’s unconditional — I emphasize: unconditional — solidarity,” Schröder said.
The Twin Towers in New York City – 9.11.2001
“This day has changed the world,” German President Johannes Rau said. He had watched in shock as the burning twin towers of the World Trade Center collapsed in New York.
Germany’s head of state struggled to find the right words: “We do not know what political or social consequences what happened today will have — what we have watched unfold on our television screens in shock, barely able to comprehend or even reflect on it.”
Germany, he added, would offer the US any assistance they requested, “of course, also by identifying and pursuing those responsible for and behind these despicable attacks.”
It soon emerged that the victims include people from 92 countries, among them 11 Germans.
Mohammed Atta and the Hamburg cell
The following day, a rapidly spreading rumor was confirmed: Three of the four suspected hijackers had recently lived in Hamburg. The Islamist terrorists were thought to have been led by Egyptian-born Mohammed Atta, who had come to the northern German city in the early 1990s to study.
The so-called Hamburg cell played a key role in the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks in the US: Zakariya Essabar, Abdullah Binalshibh, Said Bahaji, Mounir El Motassadeq, Mohammed Atta and Abdelghani Mzoudi (from top left to bottom right) Image:dpa/picture alliance
At some point, the young man became radicalized, particularly at Hamburg’s Al-Quds Mosque, which was later closed by German security authorities. He spent the final three years of his life in an apartment shared with two other suspected attackers in the Harburg district.
Schröder’s remarks set the tone and opened the door for a series of tougher laws. Just weeks after the attacks, the governing coalition of Social Democrats and Greens unveiled its first so-called security package, involving more funding, more personnel as well as greater powers for police and intelligence agencies.
Religious organizations that had previously been granted special protection could now be banned like other associations if their activities were directed against the Basic Law, Germany’s constitutional order based on freedom and democracy, or if they pursued other criminal aims. Less than four months after the terrorist attacks in the US, Germany’s Anti-Terrorism Act took effect.
Intelligence agencies were given access to personal data held by banks, airlines and telecommunications companies. Immigration laws were tightened.
Through data-mining searches, in which large amounts of data were cross-checked without any specific suspicion, authorities sought to identify so-called sleeper agents — people like Mohammed Atta from the Hamburg terrorist cell, who had not been identified by security agencies in time.
The Federal Constitutional Court brought an end to the legally questionable practice. Such searches were permissible only when there was a specific threat, the court said in a 2006 ruling. Seven years later, Germany’s highest court also ruled that parts of the country’s anti-terrorism database were unconstitutional.
Nearly 3,000 people were killed on September 11, 2001, when Islamist terrorists hijacked four passenger planes and turned them into deadly weapons.
Top photo: First responders at Ground Zero
Wall Street Journal – September 12th 2001
Jeffrey Goldberg and his four panelists talk about the memories of September 11, 2001
It’s scary to think that Benjamin Netanyahu condoned and is criminally liable for the October 7, 2023 Hamas attack on his own people so he could unleash the Israeli Defense Forces fury on GazaPalestinians. Something to consider, eh?
Trump and Netanyahu are kindred souls in at least one respect. When they don’t like the news, what do they do? Go out and make some of their own.Go to Court and try to beat down the individual, organization or media outlet which has exposed their lies and illegal activities.
The Haaretz report Trumps anything that the American President has gone to Court for seeking relief. Netanyahu is responsible for the deaths of tens of thousands of people; his own Israeli citizens included.
What the Israeli newspaper Haaretz is claiming goes right to the gut of Benjamin Netanyahu’s three year assault on the Peoples of Gaza following the Hama attack on Israel October 7, 2023.Had Netanyahu been paying attention and taken the “threat seriously” the calamity of October 7 and the past three years may have been avoided.
Revealed: Netanyahu Received an Explicit Warning Days Before Oct. 7. He Didn’t Brief Israel’s Security Chiefs – published in Haaretz
Benjamin Netanyahu says he will sue over claims he ignored an advance warning about October 7 attack – published in The Daily Mail
Jerusalem Post 9.8.2026
In September ’23, UAE President bin Zayed called Netanyahu to deliver a harsh warning. Netanyahu did nothing. An extensive investigation, conducted for a new book, reveals the PM’s failures surrounding Oct. 7. Netanyahu: ‘This is an absolute lie’
UAE President Mohammed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan (MBZ) warned Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu that Hamas was planning a major operation against Israel days before the October 7 massacre, a Haaretz investigation published Tuesday said.
Netanyahu reportedly dismissed the warning despite MBZ urging him to take the threat seriously, the report said, citing three senior foreign sources familiar with the contents of the conversation.
During a 45-minute conversation held 10 days before the massacre, MBZ reportedly warned Netanyahu that then-Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar was planning a major operation against Israel. The United Arab Emirates leader expressed concern that an attack could lead to significant bloodshed, destabilize the region, and undermine the Abraham Accords, according to the report.
Excerpted from The New Yorker 9.8.2026
An Israeli news article on Tuesday morning managed to roil even a war-weary and jaded public. Published in Haaretz, its headline read: “Netanyahu Received an Explicit Warning Days Before Oct. 7. He Didn’t Brief Israel’s Security Chiefs.”
No event has shaped recent Israeli history more than the October 7th attacks and their aftermath. Netanyahu has refused to take responsibility or issue an apology for the failures in intelligence and policy that led to the worst attacks to ever take place on Israeli soil.
But his government, for all of its equivocating, cannot deny that it was in power when they occurred. Ynet, a popular news site, echoed the Haaretz report on its home page on Tuesday—an unusual tribute to a rival newspaper;
Channel 12 opened its evening-news edition with the story, calling it “jaw dropping.”
The article, drawn from a new book by the journalists Shlomi Eldar and Ruth Yuval, reveals that, a week and a half before Hamas led the October 7th attacks on Israel, Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed, the President of the United Arab Emirates, called Benjamin Netanyahu, the Israeli Prime Minister, with a specific warning. During a forty-five-minute conversation, according to the report, bin Zayed cautioned that Yahya Sinwar, Hamas’s leader in Gaza, was “preparing a major event” in the near future. Sinwar was quoted in the article as telling an official from the rival Fatah faction that he was planning a “zilzal”—an “earthquake.”
Netanyahu seemed untroubled, a close adviser to the Emirati ruler told the journalists.
He didn’t update the heads of Israel’s security establishment about the conversation. Instead, he assured bin Zayed that Israel was “prepared for any scenario.” If anything, he said, the “volatile” area was not Gaza but the West Bank. Bin Zayed was so startled that Netanyahu was making light of the situation that he expressed concerns to the C.I.A. director, William J. Burns.When the article appeared, Netanyahu denied that such a conversation had ever taken place. But the U.A.E.’s foreign ministry appeared to confirm Eldar and Yuval’s reporting, saying in a statement reported by Haaretz that the two countries maintain “open and direct communication,” exchanging intelligence “when necessary.”
Eldar told Israel’s Channel 12 that he and Yuval had based their story on talks with three independent sources and on “a recording and documents” of the conversation between Netanyahu and bin Zayed.Newsbreaks in Haaretz, a liberal paper with strong investigative reporting, are often met with silence by much of the country, or brushed off as leftist propaganda by Netanyahu and his mouthpieces in the media. This story seemed to land differently.
Rupert Murdoch’s New York Post – 9.10.2026. Did you expect anything else?😵💫
The Wall Street Journal editorial writers have gone into rhetorical excesswith its “Israel can do no wrong, ever” hot air bloviation.
The blogger performed some historical research and quickly learned that the Israelis have historically utilized one way to deal with their foes as the comment I posted on the WSJ editorial page shows.
At least in this instance the Israelis cannot resort to actual physical violence.
The WSJ editorial writers need to stop pandering to The State of Israel. It’s way past the time when Israel is allowed to act with impunity in its destruction of the Palestinian state. The Brits deserve praise for finally standing up to Israel and condemning its criminal behavior.
I think the fatal bombing of the King David Hotel bombing – Wikipedia in Jerusalem killing 91 people in July 1946 by The Irgun (arguably a Jewish terrorist group) led by future Prime Minister Menachem Begin had a lot to do with the British antipathy directed towards creation of the State of Israel. It’s safe to say that nearly 80 years after the creation of Israel the Israelis have only one way way to deal with their foes, real and imagined. Violence by any means necessary.
Aftermath of the Irgun bombing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem – 7.22.1946
Europe Joins the Boycott Israel Crowd
Europe has a talent for dressing up domestic political pandering as righteousness on the world stage. The latest is a British ban on imports of Israeli goods from the West Bank, east Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, plus sanctions on anyone facilitating new construction. France and Canada plan similar measures. “We will not acquiesce in the destruction of the two-state solution,” said U.K. Foreign Secretary Ed Miliband.
European Nations Impose Trade Bans on Israel Over West Bank Settlements
The U.K., France, Canada and nine other countries said they would impose new trade restrictions on Israel, escalating a dispute over the expansion of Israeli settlements in the West Bank.
Tuesday’s announcement prompted a swift retaliation from Israel against the U.K., which was the first to announce it would halt trade with settlements in the Israeli-occupied West Bank. Israel said it would close the British consulate in East Jerusalem, which deals largely with Palestinian affairs, and expel British representatives from the U.S.-led coordination center for postwar Gaza.
The blogger posted the results of the Sunday election in which the extreme right wing AfD harvested nearly 44 percent of the vote in the state election for Saxony-Anhalt.
A result which has created a political firestorm in Germany and beyond.
In the blog is included a piece of art by Charlotte Salomon “30.1.1933”. January 30, 1933. The day The Nazis swept into power.The blogger wanted to learn more about this ill-fated artist who came from a wealthy Jewish family and was murdered by the Nazis at Auschwitz in 1943. Her artwork lives on forever. Were she alive today Charlotte Salomon may have updated the painting with an AfD banner and the date 6.9.2026. (September 6th 2026).
Not since the Nazi Thousand Year Reich ended in Hitler’s bunker in May 1945 and Germany climbed out of the ashes has a far right, some would say Neo-Nazi party, gained such popularity.
Charlotte Salomon (16 April 1917 – 10 October 1943) was a German-Jewish artist born in Berlin. She is primarily remembered as the creator of an autobiographical series of paintings Leben? oder Theater?: Ein Singspiel (Life? or Theater?: A Song-play), the largest known artwork made by a Jewish person who died in the Holocaust,[1] consisting of 769 individual works painted between 1941 and 1943 in the south of France, while Salomon was in hiding from the Nazis. In October 1943 Salomon, 5 months pregnant at that time, was captured and deported to Auschwitz, where she was murdered by the Nazis soon after her arrival.[2][3][4][5] In 2015, a 35-page confession by Salomon to the fatal poisoning of her grandfather, kept secret for decades, was released by a Parisian publisher.[6]Charlotte Salomon – Wikipedia
Charlotte Salomon’s life was recounted in an animated feature film released in 2021. Appropriately titled CHARLOTTE. It is a beautiful piece of cinematic animation.
Not enough to take over political power of this state with 2.3M people in the former East Germany – Wikipedia. But definitely sending a grim dispiriting message to the rest of the World. This extreme Right MAGA like surge is not going to end anytime soon. I remember visiting Germany in 2017 and seeing a STOPPT AFD poster. I took a photo and have used it countless times in my blog.
STOPPT DIE AFD – Lubeck, Germany May 2017 – Photo Lee Heidhues
It’s incredible to know that 93 years after the Nazis took power in January 1933 this type of extreme reactionary, racist, anti-immigration party is now so powerful.
I watch the coverage on Deutsche Welle and the correspondents make only brief mention of the political transformation of the Saxony-Anhalt population. A now older generation raised in the totalitarian intolerant Russian governed East Germany. A subjugated population in a police state which was probably, actually, definitely not exposed to multi-culturalism and an influx of immigration and people from different countries. So, when the Wall fell in late 1989 and the open society of the West began to impact the now former East Germany there was a lot of resentment and fear.
That’s what our host Stefan, who owned the Tiergarten Hotel in Berlin, told us in 2017. He is from East Berlin and encouraged Liz and me to visit the former East Berlin and tour the Stasi Museum. Stasi – Wikipedia Stefan told us East Berlin in 2017 looked nearly the same as it did when it was part of East Germany. Old, boring architecture and quiet streets.
Liz walking to the Stasi Museum –Photo Lee Heidhues
I wonder what Marion thinks of all this. I’m sure she is shocked. After all Marion is definitely the leftist German native who was the reason we went to Germany in in 2017. Then returned in 2018 and 2023. I will always remember our night with Marion at the Women’s Center in Hamburg. The women were East German born. They told us the East German regime guaranteed education, housing, health care and jobs. But there was a price to pay.
Living in a totalitarian Stasi run state. When the Wall came down in 1989 and the West German ways took over the country the resentment surfaced. Here we are 37 years later and the AfD has been spawned and is now on the precipice of power. It is incredible. I am just totally transfixed and appalled by all of this. The surge of right wing populism continues to grow. I’m sure Trump loves all of it as his MAGA movement continues to steamroll its way forward!!!
Art of Catastrophe – Charlotte Salomon (16 April 1917 – 10 October 1943) was a German-Jewish artist born in Berlin. She is primarily remembered as the creator of an autobiographical series of paintings Leben? oder Theater?: Ein Singspiel (Life? or Theater?: A Song-play), the largest known artwork made by a Jewish person who died in the Holocaust,[1] consisting of 769 individual works painted between 1941 and 1943 in the south of France, while Salomon was in hiding from the Nazis. In October 1943 Salomon, 5 months pregnant at that time, was captured and deported to Auschwitz, where she was murdered by the Nazis soon after her arrival.[2][3][4][5] In 2015, a 35-page confession by Salomon to the fatal poisoning of her grandfather, kept secret for decades, was released by a Parisian publisher.[6]Charlotte Salomon – Wikipedia
Breakdown of vote nationwide for German national election – February 2025
Lee's Perspective 