It is the Most Family Thanksgiving Movie. House of Gucci is not for children.

Ridley Scott’s House of Gucci is receiving uniformly rave reviews.  Particularly the performance of Lady Gaga. Rather than post one of those reviews I am giving you the innovative take from the Vulture.

Excerpted from Vulture – New York Magazine – 11.24.2021 Jackson McHenry

In the Gucci family, according to the film House of Gucci, there are many cherished traditions, most of which involve spending a lot of time caring for the fancy Tuscan cows that form the basis of their leatherworking empire and betraying each other.

This year, if you are engaging in this standard American family Thanksgiving activity, you might once again be in need of a film to all watch together. There are a good number of options this year — but I have determined that, empirically, House of Gucci is the most Family Thanksgiving Movie out there. Is it a good movie? Who knows! That’s not the point. But I promise that it is guaranteed to serve this purpose well.

The movie is two hours and 37 minutes long! You might think this is a point against it, because maybe some family members will get bored and fall asleep, but this is actually great for a Family Thanksgiving Movie. You’ve already killed so much of the evening watching the movie together (less time to bicker about other things) and avoided those crucial after-dinner lulls where someone might say something like, “What do you all think about the state of the American political experiment?” Or worse: “Are you dating anyone right now?”

Reason 2: House of Gucci has an actor everyone can talk about.

A crucial part of any family movie discussion is when everyone gets to share where they saw an actor previously and nod sagely while they discuss how their performances compared. Younger generations can talk about Tisch alumna Lady Gaga (as she is famously credited in a season-three episode of Gossip Girl), older generations can talk about Pacino and Jeremy Irons, too-online children can say that they want Adam Driver to step on their face, moms who watched Call My Agent! can say it’s nice that Camille Cottin shows up briefly, and weird cousins can discuss the merits of Jared Leto, cinema’s weirdest cousin.

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Lady Gaga portrays Patrizia Reggiani

Reason 3: House of Gucci has accents everyone can talk about.

There is nothing more fun than being an armchair expert about the accents of movie stars. Are they good? Are they bad? Are they damaging to the status of Italians in the media? Should Ridley Scott have just shot the movie in Italian? Everyone can weigh in!

Reason 4: House of Gucci will make you all have to Wikipedia things.

You’re guaranteed to get at least another hour out of looking up various plot points like “Is Salma Hayek’s psychic character real?” (yes) and “What did Tom Ford do at Gucci” (design G-strings) and “Lake Como home how expensive” (very expensive).

Reason 5: House of Gucci is not for children.

Actually, this is somewhat of a downside if your family has a lot of children, but in that case, assign them some teenage cousin chaperone, send them off to Encanto (fun songs!), and then stick with Gucci for the adults. There’s a whole sex scene on a desk that is quite vigorous! Again, maybe you consider that a downside, but personally I believe Family Thanksgiving Movies are better when they’re a little scandalous. Gives everyone a little something to grumble and titter about.

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Maurizio Gucci after his murder March 27, 1995

Reason 6: House of Gucci is about the essential rot of wealth.

The movie’s got a lot of glamour, but it’s structured as a sort of tragedy of the collapse of a family, and their loss of control of their business due to the vicissitudes of the market. It’s an apt fit for a holiday that is superficially cozy, but really a commemoration of colonization. Make everyone do a little reflection on that.

Reason 7: House of Gucci will give you all many inside jokes to reference.

Even if you don’t like the movie, you will be bonded by making fun of its most ridiculous moments (when Lady Gaga announces, “It’s taime to take out thee trash”; when Jared Leto does anything) and then get a whole new set of inside jokes to reference. Families need inside jokes and mutual shared references in order to survive, otherwise they would just have to talk to each other directly. No one wants that.

In conclusion, I am taking my family to see House of Gucci this Thanksgiving, so I’m just hoping this works out on my end.

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https://www.vulture.com/2021/11/house-of-gucci-is-the-perfect-family-thanksgiving-movie.html#_ga=2.184806186.2049124310.1637895331-956528324.1636511289

 

CW Nevius. San Francisco’s self appointed Dick Tracy crime stopper

Open letter to CW Nevius – San Francisco Examiner 11.24.2021

 
The Examiner has really reached bottom in publishing your work.
 
I thought San Francisco was thankfully rid of your reactionary opinions posing as reasonable journalism.
 
The column about crime in Union Square and somehow stretching credulity by asserting that Chesa Boudin is responsible is reprehensible.
 
Chesa and Da Mayor on Election Day 3.4.2020
DA Chesa Boudin with Da Mayor Willie Brown
It’s a sad day when someone who has reported on San Francisco matters for decades and should have more sophistication is now in synch with the most reactionary MAGA, Fox News, right wing posse which spent 1.4MM on paid mercenaries to qualify this obscene Recall attempt.
 
Coming close on the heels of your column calling for cars to be given total access to The Great Walkway is just another exclamation point on your shameless pandering to the most revanchist groups in San Francisco.
 
Your skills would be better suited as a Shill for the San Francisco Police Officers Association (POA) and the American Automobile Association (AAA).
 
You should have remained a Sports reporter where your ability to trash talk on important matters was limited.
Chesa Policy Changes I I 2.28.2020
DA Boudin Inaugural night – January 8, 2020

Three Men Found Guilty of Murdering Ahmaud Arbery: Live Updates

Breaking News 4.15.2019

New York Times and Washington Post 11.24.2021

BRUNSWICK, Ga. — Three white men were found guilty of murder and other charges on Wednesday for the pursuit and fatal shooting of Ahmaud Arbery, a 25-year-old Black man, in a case that, together with the killing of George Floyd, helped inspire the racial justice protests of last year.

Ahmaud Arbery 5.7.2020

The jury has found William Bryan, who filmed the fatal encounter with Ahmaud Arbery, not guilty of malice murder. He was found not guilty of one count of felony murder and one county of aggravated assault, but guilty of three counts of felony murder and three other charges.

The jury has found Gregory McMichael, Travis McMichael’s father, not guilty of malice murder, but guilty of all other counts he faces, including felony murder.

The jury has found Travis McMichael, the man who shot Ahmaud Arbery, guilty on all nine counts, including malice murder and felony murder.

Video of Judge announcing Jury verdicts

https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2021/11/24/ahmaud-arbery-trial-verdict/

 

Native daughter Elizabeth Heidhues. Leader in the San Francisco Drain crew.

Lee Heidhues 11.23.2021

My lifelong partner Liz Heidhues. Fighter for Justice, a car free Golden Gate Park and The Great Walkway is also a dedicated steward of the environment.

Liz was an early volunteer in San Francisco’s Adopt a Drain program. Come rain or shine, Liz has been maintaining the drain.

Liz is a stellar citizen and an asset to San Francisco.

Excerpted from SF Gate 11.23.2021 – Tessa McLean

Most San Franciscans pass at least a few neighborhood storm drains every day. But only a few residents probably realize they may have been rudely walking by, not acknowledging the drains by name.

Yes, the iron grate on your corner may not just be an anonymous piece of infrastructure. It might be named Yoda, in honor of the Jedi of course, or it might be dubbed “It’s Draining Men,” forcing the catchy tune into your head. It could pay homage to a popular actor by way of the nickname “Drain the Rock Johnson” or it may anthropomorphize the utility with a moniker like “Big Thirsty.” It might even be called “The Best Storm Drain in SF,” though no one is running a contest.

Outer Richmond resident Elizabeth Heidhues named hers after her sister Donna, who lives in Montana. They don’t get to see each other all that much, but Heidhues thinks of her every day when she passes by the storm drain at the end of her street. She also loves the play on words it creates, especially with her Italian side of the family. “I named it Donna after her because everything goes ‘DOWN-A’ the drain. It’s a spoof on Italian English.”

While most people may not love being associated with wastewater and sewage, Donna the person thinks it’s funny. She’s from San Francisco, passionate about the environment and she jokes she’s famous among her friends in Montana for it.

Heidhues has been caring for Donna the drain since 2017 (following photo), as soon as she saw the Adopt a Drain program advertised on a San Francisco Public Utilities Commission calendar she picked up from a local store. As a runner and a cyclist without a car, she said she was always encountering flooded intersections, so her motivation to adopt the drain was to keep her intersection from becoming flooded. She looked online and saw the drain on her corner was available, and she’s been caring for it ever since.

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Liz Heidhues with her newly adopted Drain – January 2017

“You feel very close to your drain. You’ve named it, you feel responsible for its well-being and you feel guilty if it doesn’t behave itself because you’ve neglected it,” Heidhues said with a laugh. “It’s like being a parent almost.”

Obviously it’s not as much maintenance as a child or a pet, although she said she does clean it thoroughly once a month. Most of the time, the drain becomes obstructed with leaves, weeds, sand, cigarette butts and rocks, but every once in a while Heidhues finds something out of the ordinary. She’s found kid’s toys and plenty of masks and gloves.

Once, she said she found a BCBG dress in her size in a plastic bag that she dry-cleaned and kept and eventually wore on her birthday.

Since she adopted Donna, she’s even motivated a few of her neighbors to adopt drains, and they keep each other motivated to keep them free of debris. It’s a great way to stay involved in the community and the upkeep of the neighborhood, Heidhues said.

SFPUC gives out initial supplies to aid in the cleaning process, which is how Heidhues got her safety vest with “volunteer” in big letters across the back. She said she loves when people honk their horns and say thank you as they drive by when she’s cleaning. But she wishes she could convince even more people to join the program.

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Liz at work November 2021

The initiative was created because the city crews just couldn’t keep up with the maintenance of the more than 25,000 storm drains, said SFPUC spokesperson Sabrina Suzuki. They needed help from citizens and were inspired by a program in Boston in which residents could adopt a fire hydrant. Allowing residents to name their drains and plotting them on a digital map would make it personal. Today, 3,557 drains throughout the city have been adopted by 2,345 drain adopters.

https://www.sfgate.com/local/article/Adopt-a-Drain-program-SF-16641794.php

Top and bottom photos – Charles Russo

November 22, 1963. One of the darkest days in American history

Everyone old enough to remember can recollect what he/she was doing on November 22, 1963 when President John Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas.

Time stood still and this country was changed forever at that moment.

November 22, 2021

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Dallas Morning News the morning of November 22, 1963
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President Kennedy in Ft. Worth the morning of November 22, 1963
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An invitation to the dinner President Kennedy was to have attended in Austin, Texas the evening of November 22, 1963
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President Kennedy’s motorcade at the moment of his assassination
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A still from the Zapruder film at the moment of President Kennedy’s assassination
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Shock and grief on November 22, 1963
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President Kennedy’s accused assassin was shot dead by Jack Ruby in the Dallas jail basement while being transferred on November 24, 1963

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy

1969-1971 Alcatraz occupation feted by first Native American cabinet secretary

Lee Heidhues 11.20.2021

It’s been 52 years since a group of Native Americans began what turned out to be the 19 month Occupation of Alcatraz.

The Native American population was decimated by the white Americans during their brutal trek West. The original inhabitants of the United States have been abused, murdered, placed on reservations and treated as second class citizens.

The nearly two year Occupation was an event heard around the United States to tell the World the Native Americans would stand their ground and fight for their rights.

Alcatraz IV.20.2021

Excerpted from San Francisco Chronicle 11.20.2021

The crisp, clear San Francisco morning began with a prayer circle on Alcatraz.

Fifty two years ago, Native Americans from all over the U.S. touched down on the island to fight for Indigenous rights, where they would remain for 19 months in a landmark struggle known as the Occupation of Alcatraz. On Saturday, U.S. Interior Secretary Deb Haaland, the first Native American to serve as a U.S. cabinent secretary, visited the island to highlight the progress made over the past five decades by Indigenous peoples.

“We’re in a new era in which we can embrace our identities as Indigenous people and be proud,” she said.

“I am here. We are here. And we’re not going anywhere,” she added, as cheers erupted from the tribal leaders listening to her speak.

As Haaland wrapped up her speech, birds chirped loudly overhead, almost drowning her voice out.

“Our relatives are speaking today as well,” she noted, smiling.

Alcatraz II11.20.2021

Two year ago was the 50th Anniversary of the landmark landmark struggle that energized the Native American rights movement and brought together tribes from across the United States onto a 22-acre rock in the middle of San Francisco Bay.

“It was cold and miserable out here much of the time,” recalled Eloy Martinez, 82, who also goes by Seeker of Justice. “There was no water. But we were used to that, living on the reservation. That’s the way it still is.

“It was also an exciting time. Our adrenaline was running. For the first time, a lot of us felt free, felt together. You know how it is when you’re waiting for Christmas? It felt like that,” he said.

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Shoshana Arai, Tsuru for Solidarity, holds a poster with a collection of old photographs from 1970, which she brought along to Alcatraz Island for the commemoration of 52nd anniversary of its occupation.

With Haaland in the Cabinet, the federal government has taken a number of steps to support Indigenous communities. President Joe Biden this week signed an executive order addressing violence against Indigenous people and combating human trafficking and crime on Native American lands and announced protections for Chaco Canyon, a Native American heritage site in New Mexico.

On Thursday, the first-ever Native American head of the National Park Service, Charles “Chuck” Sams III, was confirmed by the U.S. Senate.

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Eloy Martinez, one of the original occupiers returned on the 50th anniversary in 2019

Biden’s infrastructure bill — which Haaland and other cabinet secretaries helped the president sell in Northern California — also put $13 billion toward Native American communities to help provide resources like high-speed internet and clean drinking water, Haaland noted.

On Friday, she formally declared “squaw” a derogatory term and said she is taking steps to remove it from federal government use.

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Interior Secretary Deb Haaland on Alcatraz – 11.20.2021

“There is a racism in this country that continues to target Native people. Offensive names, mascots and rally cries are not a thing of the past, but their time has come,” Haaland said. “As long as I have a platform to speak from, I will stand against them.”

 

https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/We-re-not-going-anywhere-Sec-Haaland-16638074.php#photo-21739182

Gov. Newsom.“America. You can carry weapons, kill people, get away with it.”

California Governor Gavin Newsom expressed his visceral outrage over the acquittal of Kyle Rittenhouse in a Wisconsin courtroom.

This is a disgraceful and shameful verdict. One which only embolden the most reactionary racist fascist elements in America.

Rittenhouse, 17 at the time, murdered two people and wounded a third in Kenosha, Wisconsin using an assault weapon during a protest following the murder of George Floyd by Minneapolis police in May 2020.

Rittenhouse has become the poster boy for the most rabid violent right wing militia groups; Q’Anon, Proud Boys et al.  The same insurrectionists who stormed the capitol on January 6, 2021 at the urging of ex-President Trump.

San Francisco Chronicle 11.19.2021

In a tweet Friday, Gov. Gavin Newsom said the verdict sent a clear message to “armed vigilantes across the nation.”

“America today: you can break the law, carry around weapons built for a military, shoot and kill people, and get away with it.”

Quanah Brightman, executive director of United Native Americans, said the jury’s decision represented a pervasive and harmful double standard in the criminal justice system.

“We’re sick and tired of our community living in fear; we’re sick and tired of all of these atrocities going unpunished,” Brightman said.

Rittenhouse protest II 11.19.2021.jpg

Roughly 200 people gathered at Oakland’s Frank H. Ogawa Plaza and marched to the Dellums Federal Building on Friday night to denounce the acquittal earlier in the day of Kyle Rittenhouse, a man tried on charges that he intentionally killed two people during racial justice protests last year.

A Wisconsin jury found Rittenhouse, 18, not guilty of homicide and other felony charges on Friday. He had shot three men with a semiautomatic rifle, killing two of them, in August 2020 as chaotic protests played out in Kenosha, Wis. The demonstrations and riots followed the shooting of Jacob Blake, a Black man, by a white police officer, three months after a white police officer killed George Floyd in Minneapolis, setting off a fervent nationwide movement that called for racial justice and police reform.

During the trial, which ended Friday, Rittenhouse and his attorneys argued that he shot the men in self defense. Joseph Rosenbaum, 36, and Anthony Huber, 26, were killed. Gaige Grosskreutz, 26 at the time, was injured. Rittenhouse was acquitted of first-degree intentional homicide, first-degree reckless homicide, attempted first-degree intentional homicide and two counts of recklessly endangering the safety of others, according to Kenosha County court records.

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https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/It-s-a-big-blow-Demonstrators-in-Oakland-16636744.php

 

San Francisco shows the way while it’s wild in the streets of Rotterdam.

Lee Heidhues 11.19.2021

I am fortunate to live in San Francisco where the local Administration has taken the Pandemic seriously since day one.

Nearly two years into the Pandemic citizens are required to wear masks indoors. Many people voluntarily wear masks  outdoors. Locals are waiting in long lines to receive their vaccines and have remained overwhelmingly supportive of how local leadership is handling the Pandemic.

As a result of its aggressive policy and an accommodating population San Francisco has one of the lowest infection rates in United States

https://www.sfdph.org/dph/alerts/coronavirus.asp

The European Union has been faced with intense opposition to Covid-19 restrictions. Most leaders understand the danger and continue to pursue a vigorous strategy to stop the spread of Covid-19 as the Pandemic enters its second winter.

Austria and Germany in particular have imposed strict regulations forcing its citizens to comply with government mandates.

The Dutch are particularly incensed by what a segment of its population believe to be an unfair intrusion into their freedom of choice.

Deutsche Welle 11.19.2021

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A demonstration with several hundred people in Rotterdam,  the Netherlands’ second-largest city turned violent Friday evening with rioters setting fire to cars and clashing with riot police. Riot police clashed with stone-throwing rioters in the Dutch port city after hundreds gathered to oppose stricter anti-coronavirus measures.

Police said they fired water cannons and warning shots to disperse rioters, and at least seven people were wounded. At least 20 people have been arrested so far.

A demonstration had been called by several organizations in opposition to a government plan to restrict access to indoor venues to people who have a “corona pass” proving they are vaccinated or have recovered from COVID.

Last week, the Netherlands partially reimposed lockdown measures to slow a resurgence of the virus, with daily infection numbers at some of their highest levels since the beginning of the pandemic.

Last January, when a curfew was imposed in the Netherlands, riots in several cities caused millions of euros in damage.

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“We fired warning shots and there were also direct shots fired because the situation was life-threatening,” police spokesperson Patricia Wessels told Reuters news agency. Police have not commented on the state of those injured, but said their officers were also wounded.

Dutch broadcaster NOS said at least one police car was set on fire and others were damaged. Police officers and firefighters were also pelted with objects.

Images posted on social media showed cars on fire, fireworks being ignited, and debris and trash bins on fire in the street and rioters throwing stones and fireworks at police.

Authorities shut down public transportation in the city, closed the main train station and ordered people to go home.

https://www.dw.com/en/rotterdam-shaken-by-riots-over-planned-coronavirus-curbs/a-59886286

“I do not need this court, prosecutors or a piece of paper to tell me I am innocent.”

Lee Heidhues 11.18.2021

I was still in high school when Malcolm X was assassinated on a Sunday in February 1965. Malcolm’s murder came as a surprise. The mainstream media of the day generally reported Malcolm as a divivise, controversial figure who preached black separatism.

As a teenager I was puzzled over the fact that Malcolm was cut down while giving a speech at a community facility in New York’s black neighborhood.  As years passed I have continued to follow  how history would treat Malcolm.

56 years later the story of his assassination continues to unravel.

New York Times 11.18.2021

Muhammad A. Aziz stood up in a New York City courtroom on Thursday, 55 years after he and two other men were found guilty of murdering Malcolm X, and began to speak.

Minutes later, he would walk out of the courtroom an innocent man in the eyes of the law, his conviction in the assassination of one of the most influential Black leaders of the civil rights era overturned by a judge. But first he addressed a silent room.

“I do not need this court, these prosecutors or a piece of paper to tell me I am innocent,” he said in a stern voice that did not shake or falter. “I am an 83-year-old man who was victimized by the criminal justice system.”

On Thursday,  Barry Scheck of the Innocence Project  called for officials to undertake a broader investigation “with greater access to evidence to get the history right.”

He said that the suppression of exculpatory evidence by F.B.I. and police officials served to inflict immeasurable damage to the lives of the two wrongfully convicted men — and altered the record of a moment that still holds deep significance five decades later. If the investigation into Malcolm X’s assassination had been conducted properly, “it would have changed the history of the civil rights movement in this country,” Mr. Scheck said.

Mr. Aziz and his co-defendant, Khalil Islam, were exonerated on Thursday after a review initiated by the Manhattan district attorney, Cyrus R. Vance Jr., found that they had not received a fair trial. The investigation found that evidence pointing toward their innocence had been withheld by some of the country’s most prominent law enforcement agencies, and that at least some information was suppressed on the order of the longtime director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, J. Edgar Hoover.

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Malcolm X meets the press in 1963

But Mr. Aziz, his lawyers and two of Mr. Islam’s sons made it clear on Thursday that they did not think it was a day for celebration, but a moment that reflected a profound injustice administered a half-century earlier in the same courthouse.

“I hope the same system that was responsible for this travesty of justice also takes responsibility for the immeasurable harm it caused to me,” Mr. Aziz said, adding that his conviction was part of a corrupt process “that is all too familiar to Black people, even in 2021.”

Ameen Johnson, noting the absence of his father, Mr. Islam, who died in 2009, called the hearing “good, but bittersweet,” adding, I honestly didn’t think that I was going to live to see the day.”

The hearing rewrote the official history of one of the most infamous moments of the civil rights era, when Malcolm X was assassinated in 1965 by gunmen in an Upper Manhattan ballroom a year after leaving the Nation of Islam. The decision confirmed the doubts that historians have long held concerning the convictions of the two men, as one of their lawyers noted during the hearing.

Along with Mr. Aziz and Mr. Islam, a third man, Mujahid Abdul Halim, was also found guilty in 1966, and his conviction stands. At the trial, he confessed to the murder. He said then, and has maintained, that the other two men were innocent.

 

The exonerations came after a 22-month review of Mr. Aziz and Mr. Islam’s convictions. It concluded what scholars had long argued: that the case against them was flawed from the start, based on conflicting witness testimony and a total lack of physical evidence.

 

A review by the Manhattan district attorney and lawyers for the two men originally convicted decades ago found they did not receive a fair trial. The son of one of the men called the move “bittersweet.”

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Onlookers hover over a dying Malcolm X – February 21, 1965

“I regret that this court cannot fully undo the serious miscarriages of justice in this case and give you back the many years that were lost,” said Ellen N. Biben, the State Supreme Court judge in Manhattan who presided over Thursday’s hearing. As she granted the motion to throw out the convictions, the courtroom burst into applause.Mr. Vance had earlier submitted a 43-page motion written with the men’s lawyers asking that the convictions be vacated.

The investigation, jointly conducted by his office and lawyers for the men, reviewed informant and witness accounts, conversations between police and prosecutors about undercover officers and reams of other documents. Some were newly discovered; some had been pored over publicly for years by historians, journalists and hobbyists.

One of the most explosive details in the motion to overturn the convictions was the revelation that Mr. Hoover had ordered the F.B.I.’s informants not to make their role known when talking with other law enforcement officials about the murder.

On Thursday, Mr. Vance apologized on behalf of all law enforcement and reflected on the erosion of public trust that occurred because of the wrongful convictions.

“What I am going to begin by saying directly to Mr. Aziz and his family, and the family of Mr. Islam, and of Malcolm X is that I apologize,” Mr. Vance said. “We can’t restore what was taken from these men and their families, but by correcting the record, perhaps we can begin to restore that faith.”

A judge overturned the convictions of two men found guilty of murder in the assassination of Malcolm X. One of them, Khalil Islam, is shown in this 1965 photo.
Credit…Associated Press

The audience at Thursday’s haring included Ameen Johnson, 57, and his brother Shahid Johnson, 55. Their father, Mr. Islam, spent more than 20 years in prison before being paroled in 1987 and died in 2009. They had not been notified of the hearing ahead of time and had traveled to New York from Florida and Virginia, respectively, after hearing the news on Wednesday.

As tears welled in their eyes, the brothers described their father’s struggle to reconnect with society after his release from prison. Ameen Johnson said that he believes that the deaths of his father and his mother, Etta Johnson, were a “direct result of the stress and drama and trauma” of the wrongful conviction.

 

“The effects of this removed them from our lives,” Ameen Johnson added. It also affected his own childhood, he said, as others often branded his father as a “killer” and he sought to defend Mr. Islam against that portrayal.

In the courtroom, one of the men’s lawyers, David Shanies, described Mr. Aziz and Mr. Islam’s shared experience, two “innocent, young Black men” who were rounded up by the authorities and wronged by a system that withheld evidence of their innocence.

“These men became victims of the same racism and injustice that were the antithesis of all that Malcolm X stood for,” Mr. Shanies said, adding, “Nothing can give back these men or families the decades of freedom that were stolen from them.”

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The news this week that the two convictions were expected to be thrown out spurred waves of reaction from the public, historians and civil rights leaders, who expressed disappointment at the length of time it took for the record to change.

On Thursday, one of Malcolm X’s daughters, Ilyasah Shabazz, who watched as her father was assassinated, demanded that his true killers be identified and brought to justice.

Mr. Vance first took up the case in January 2020, after meeting with Mr. Aziz and his lawyers from the Innocence Project and lawyers who work with Mr. Shanies, a civil rights lawyer. While clearing the names of Mr. Aziz and Mr. Islam — who were enforcers in the Nation of Islam when Malcolm X left the sect in an acrimonious split but insist they were not even in the ballroom when the murder occurred — the review did not pinpoint who was responsible for the assassination.

 

Though it found no evidence the killing was orchestrated by the government — a popular conspiracy theory — it also did not answer broader questions about the role of the Nation’s leadership, the police and the federal government in the assassination.

The men who some historians say were the actual assassins are dead, as well as the witnesses who testified and the police officers who handled the case.

“We still have a system that works to oppress some and protects other,” Vanessa Potkin, the director of post-conviction litigation at the Innocence Project, said on Thursday. “What would the world be if this assassination had not taken place? What would Mr. Aziz and Mr. Islam’s lives have been if the last 55 years had not been robbed from them or their families?”

Top photo: Muhammad A. Aziz, in hat, then known as Norman 3X Butler, and Khalil Islam, then known as Thomas 15X Johnson, have always maintained their innocence in the assassination of Malcolm X.